![]() ![]() I have not seen Gilbert's translation of Davy's article yet, since vol. Many articles were translated by Gilbert himself, he calls his work a "free translation" since he added his own comments. The results of Davy's research were made public in German by Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert in his Annalen der Physik of 1809 (vol. ![]() Gay-Lussac and Thénard, who too investigated the alkalis, named the metals initially métal de potasse and métal de soude, and later also Potassium and Sodium. The rather elaborate explanation of this choice for the two names suggests that Davy new that chemists in Germanic Europe had other ideas of naming the alkali metals. But it was not possible to found names upon specific properties not common to both and though a name for the basis of soda might have been borrowed from the Greek, yet an analogous one could not have been applied to that of potash, for the ancients do not seem to have distinguished between the two alkalies." It is perhaps more significant than elegant. I have consulted with many of the most eminent scientific persons in this country, upon the methods of derivation, and the one I have adopted as been the one most generally approved. Potassium and Sodium are the names by which I have ventured to call the two new substances: and whatever changes of theory, with regard to the composition of bodies may hereafter take place, these terms can scarcely express an error for they may be considered as implying simply the metals produced from potash and soda. Not satisfied with these names, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, suggested in his paper for the Royal Academy of Berlin of 26 January 1797, the name kali for potash and natron for soda (note): These names were not generally accepted, and chemists used soda and potash for both substances. In his "Démonstration de la possibilité de tirer les sels alcalis fixes du tartre, par le moyen des acides, sans employer l'action d'un feu véhément" (note) he named them alcali minerale (mineral alkali or soda) and alcali vegetabile (vegetable alkali or potash). The difference between both substances was recognized by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709-1782) in 1758, among other he described the different colorations potash and soda produce in flame. The modern spelling of the element in Arabic uses the emphatic S (shown uppercase in transliteration) from the original Arabic word. This word is derived from Arabic Sudâ (soda). The name soda is a derivation from "sodanum", a Neolatin name for a headache remedy. In Arab, the same substances were named alkali (see Potassium / Kalium.) Derived from these is the word natron, the name used by the European alchemists for potash and soda. There was made no difference between both substances, which were named by the Israelites neter, by the Greek νιτρον (nitron) and by the Romans nitrum (cf. Looking at the picture, you can see there are two electrons in shell one, eight in shell two, and only one in shell three.Soda (Sodium carbonate, Na 2CO 3) from the Egyptian salt lakes, and Potash (Potassium carbonate, K 2CO 3), obtained from the ashes of plant material, were known since Antiquity and used for washing. That means there are 11 electrons in a sodium atom. for the element of SODIUM, you already know that the atomic number tells you the number of electrons. Once one shell is full, the next electron that is added has to move to the next shell. As you learn about elements with more than eighteen electrons you will find that shell three can hold more than eight. Shell number one can only hold 2 electrons, shell two can hold 8, and for the first eighteen elements shell three can hold a maximum of eight electrons. The electrons like to be in separate shells/orbitals. In an atom, the electrons spin around the center, also called the nucleus. Each of those colored balls is an electron. In the next section we're going to cover electron orbitals or electron shells. It tells you the mass of one atom, how many pieces are inside, and where it should be placed on the periodic table. That box on the left has all of the information you need to know about one element. ![]()
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